People who have survived trauma often feel like life is more difficult for them.
They may feel like it’s impossible to let their guard down and be themselves around others. They may struggle to be authentic or show weakness.
The developmental psychologist Emmy Werner wanted to understand the significance of difficult childhood experiences on adult functioning. She studied this question by following a group of children over 30 years.
Here is what she found:
Adverse childhood events (ACE) impact the trajectory of well-being in adulthood.